Fig. 3: Elimination of oxidative stress suppresses autophagy and inhibits apoptosis and senescence in chondrocytes.

A Representative micrographs of DCFH-DA staining representing variations in ROS levels upon treatment with NAC. Scale bar= 50 μM. B Decrease in DCFH-DA fluorescence intensity in HG-stimulated chondrocytes upon treatment with NAC. C Western blot results and quantification analyses of p62 and LC3 in various treatment groups. D Western blot results and quantification analyses of p53, p21, and p16 in various treatment groups. E Western blot results and quantification analyses of Bcl2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 in various treatment groups. Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 5). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001.