Fig. 4: Activation of AMPK promotes autophagy and suppresses apoptosis and senescence in chondrocytes.

A Western blot results and quantification analyses of p-AMPK, p62, and LC3 in various treatment groups. B Western blot results and quantification analyses of p53, p21, and p16 in various treatment groups. C Western blot results and quantification analyses of Bcl2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3 in various treatment groups. Data are presented as means ± SD (n = 5). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001.