Fig. 5: Analysis of EV-based prognostic RPPA biomarkers.

A Bar chart of log2 fold-change (log2FC) of grouped high-risk and advanced PCa (red) versus low-/intermediate-risk (green) patients for all significantly different RPPA endpoints analyzed by Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Statistical significance reported for each bar is coded with asterisk(s) based on the level of significance (*p < = 0.05, **p < = 0.01, ***p < = 0.001). B Two-way unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the 13 significantly different (p < = 0.05) RPPA endpoints emerging from statistical comparison of non-recurrent (pink, n = 11) and grouped recurrent and advanced tumor (gray, n = 13) EV samples. One sample was excluded due to lacking follow-up information. C Scatterplots of ERG expression resulting from comparison of low/intermediate-, high-risk and advanced (Adv. PCa) tumors by RPPA analysis. Recurrent patients were indicated by an asterisk (*). The plots represent distribution of RPPA intensity values, and the line indicates an arbitrary baseline. Statistical comparisons were performed as described in the methods section.