Fig. 1: Characterization of MSC and endothelial markers in dental pulp stem cells.

Cell surface markers detected by flow cytometry in DPSC, SHED, and HDMEC under standard culture conditions for each cell type. a Flow plots depicting expression of MSC markers (i.e., CD73, CD90, CD105, CD34, CD44) using IgG-APC as isotype-matched control. b Flow plots depicting expression of endothelial cell-related proteins (VEGFR1 and CD146) using IgG-PE and IgG-FITC were used as isotype-matched controls. c RT-PCR for odontogenic/osteogenic markers (DSPP, DMP-1), endothelial cell-related markers (VEGFR1, VEGFR2, CD146, CD31, VE-cadherin) in primary human odontoblasts, dental pulp tissue, DPSC, SHED, or HDMEC. GAPDH was used as a loading control.