Fig. 1: Exosomes derived from resistant cells enhance gemcitabine (GEM) resistance in triple-negative breast cancer.

A, B IC50 values determined using the CCK-8 assay in MDA-231 and MDA-231-HM cells treated with GEM + PBS, GEM + sensitive cell-derived exosomes (231-S-exo or 231-HM-S-exo), and GEM + resistant cell-derived exosomes (231-R-exo or 231-HM-R-exo) for 48 h. All experiments were repeated three times, and the representative results are presented. C, D Colony formation analysis in MDA-231 and MDA-231-HM cells treated with GEM + PBS, GEM + sensitive cell-derived exosomes (231-S-exo or 231-HM-S-exo), or GEM + resistant cell-derived exosomes (231-R-exo or 231-HM-R-exo) for 24 h and incubated for 7 days. E, F Flow cytometric analyses of apoptotic cells in MDA-231 and MDA-231-HM cells treated with PBS, GEM + PBS, GEM + sensitive cell-derived exosomes (231-S-exo or 231-HM-S-exo), or GEM + resistant cell-derived exosomes (231-R-exo or 231-HM-R-exo) for 24 h. Quantitative data are presented as the mean ± SD of triplicate experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001.