Fig. 3: Sitagliptin reduced ROS levels and activated the p62–Keap1–Nrf2 signalling pathway.

A, B In WT mice, immunohistochemical staining and quantification of 4-HNE revealed ROS in the lung. Quantification using the following formula: AOD = IOD/area. C, D Western blotting results and analysis of p62, Keap1, Nrf2, Ho-1, and NQO1 in different groups. E, F Western blotting results and analysis of Nrf2 in nucleus and cytosol. G, H Western blotting results and analysis of DPP4, Keap1, Ho-1, and NQO1 in the CON group of WT mice and Nrf2−/− mice. I, J After Nrf2 deficiency, the immunohistochemical staining and quantification of 4-HNE in Nrf2−/− mice. Quantification using the following formula: AOD = IOD/area. **P < 0.05. Data are presented as mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) (n = 6).