Fig. 7: Suggested model of necroptotic EV release, uptake, and effects.
From: Proteomic analysis of necroptotic extracellular vesicles
A Necroptotic cells expose PS on the outer plasma membrane and release EVs via specific pathways, involving pMLKL-mediated Ca2+ influx, ESCRTIII machinery, Rabs, SNAREs, exocyst complex, and lipid rafts. B EVs are then taken up by recipient cells via phagocytosis, membrane fusion, or binding of PS and annexin, resulting in inflammation, chemotaxis, and antigen presentation to T cells. EVs, extracellular vesicles; PS, phosphatidylserine; pMLKL, phosphorylated MLKL; ILV, intraluminal vesicle; MVE, multivesicular endosome.
