Table 2 Mediators or modulators of ferroptosis.
Proteins | Name | Mechanism | References |
|---|---|---|---|
VDACs | voltage-dependent anion channels | Production of mitochondrial ROS and mitochondrial dysfunction | [146] |
p53 | cellular tumor antigen p53 | System Xc− inhibition | |
FSP1 | ferroptosis suppressor protein 1 (a CoQ oxidoreductase, which) | FSP1 can reduce phospholipid | [149] |
Panx 1 | Pannexin 1 | Panx 1 negatively regulates lipid peroxidation through the MAPK pathway | [126] |
NRF2 | nuclear respiratory Factor 2 | NRF2 can bind to ARE elements in the promoter regions of the target genes | [150] |
CoQ | coenzyme Q (a subtract of the oxidoreductase) | The CoQ oxidoreductase FSP1 acts parallel to GPX4 to inhibit ferroptosis | [151] |
HSPB1 | heat shock 27 kDa protein 1 | HSPB1 phosphorylation is negatively regulated and iron-mediated in the production of lipid ROS | [152] |
VDR | Vitamin D receptor | VDR mediates the transcription of GPX4 | [73] |
NOX | NADPH oxidase activator | Produces ROS | |
TfR1 | Transferrin receptor protein 1 | Mediates iron metabolism | |
ACSL4 | Acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 | Regulates the synthesis of fatty acyl CoA | |
CARS | Cysteinyl-tRNA synthetase | Involved in the trans-sulfuration and synthesis of GSH | [156] |
MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 | Mediates cellular growth, survival, adhesion, and differentiation | |
NCOA4 | Nuclear receptor coactivator 4 | Regulates iron metabolism | |
15LO | 15-lipoxygenases | Catalyzes the formation of pro-ferroptotic 15-OOH-AA(HpETE) | |
SLC7A11 | Cysteine/glutamate antiporter solute carrier family 7 member 11 | Regulates the uptake of cysteine and the release of glutamate | |
PEBP1 | Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein 1 | Inhibits the Ras/MEK/ERK cascade | [168] |
miR-182-5p | microRNA-182-5p | miR-182-5p correlates reversely with GPX4 | [169] |
miR-378a-3p | microRNA-378a-3p | miR-378a-3p correlates reversely with SLC7A11 | [169] |
