Fig. 5: TGFβ1 upregulates CLDN4 in GBM cells.

A western blotting analysis of E-cadherin, p-Smad2, Smad2, p-NF-κB P65, NF-κB P65 expression in GBM cells after 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h treatment with TGFβ1 (10 ng·mL−1) or ITD-1 (5uM). B The invasion ability of GBM cells was determined by Transwell assay (magnification, ×200). C The CLDN4 expression was determined after treated with or without TGFβ1 (10 ng·mL−1) or ITD-1 (5uM) by western blotting in GBMcells. D The CLDN4 expression was determined after treated with or without TGFβ1 (10 ng·mL−1) or ITD-1 (5uM) by RT-qPCR in GBM cells. Representative images of three cases were shown. Data are represented as the mean ± standard deviation of three independent experiments. Student’s t-test, compared to the Control group. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.