Fig. 8: Schematic diagram of the malignant phenotype mechanism of GBM mediated by CLDN4.

CLDN4 plays a key role in the progression of GBM tumors. On the one hand, CLDN4 induces mesenchymal transition in GBM cells by regulating the NF-κB signal pathway which is downstream signal pathway of TNF-α. On the other hand, the TGF-β/smad2 signal pathway can regulate the expression of CLDN4 and nuclear translocation.