Fig. 3: DcR2-positive senescent RTECs exhibited an apoptosis-resistant phenotype and SASP in DN samples.

A Representative immunofluorescence staining for DcR2 (red), the senescent marker p16 (green), and markers of apoptosis resistance (FLIP and Bcl2, purple) or apoptosis (caspase 3, purple) in patients with DN. Long arrows indicate co-localization in the same tubules, while short arrows indicate cytoplasmic p16 and caspase 3-positive expression in renal tubules. White dotted circles indicate tubular areas positive for DcR2 and p16 but negative for caspase 3. Scale bar, 40 μm. B Representative immunofluorescence micrographs showing DcR2 and TUNEL expression (green) in STZ-DN mice. Arrows indicate the single TUNEL-positive expression in tubules. Scale bar, 40 μm. C Western blotting results for the expression of FLIP, cleaved caspase 3, and DcR2 in DcR2-negative and -positive RTECs. D–F Quantification of FLIP, cleaved caspase 3, and DcR2 expression in C, normalized to GAPDH (n = 4). *P < 0.05 versus DcR2-negative RTECs. G Representative graphs showing DcR2 and SASP markers (IL-6, TGF-β1) in STZ-DN mice. Scale bar, 80 μm.