Fig. 2: Signs of OA upon forced expression of Utx in mice.

Schematic drawing for intra-articular injection of lentivirus Utx (a). Strong Utx immunostaining in articular cartilage upon intra-articular injection with lentiviruses expressing Utx (b); scale bar, 20 μm (low magnification) and 10 μm (high magnification). Severe cartilage disintegration (c; scale bar, 20 μm) and synovial hyperplasia (d; scale bar, 100 μm) in Utx-treated murine knees, as evident from OARSI and synovitis scoring. Forced Utx expression induced osteophyte formation (red; scale bar, 0.5 mm) (e) but reduced BMD and BV/TV (f) of subchondral bone. Data are expressed as mean ± standard errors (n = 5). *P< 0.05; **P < 0.001.