Fig. 7: Working model for DLX-induced hepatotoxicity.

DLX induced oxidative stress, due to the bioactivation of naphthyl ring with the metabolism of CYP2D6 and CYP1A2, leading to mitochondrial dysfunctions and caused the steatosis and cholestasis in cells. All of these events result in cell apoptosis and cell death. Through replacement of naphthyl ring with benzodioxole, new compound S-071031B was found to be a safer antidepressant alternative.