Fig. 2: Downregulated PDPK1 expression attenuated steatosis and promotes autophagy in hepatocytes.

A Positive immunostaining for PDPK1(a brown colour) was predominantly located in lipid-rich hepatocytes in ethanol-fed mice (n = 6). Scale bar, 50 μM, magnification, 400× Quantification of PDPK1 Positive Area (% Liver Area). B Immunoblot of liver tissue lysates from the CD-fed group and ethanol-treated group (n = 6). Quantification of the ratios of PDPK1/β-actin. C The efficiency of siRNA-PDPK1 detection by RT‒qPCR (n = 3). D Immunoblot of cell lysates. Quantification of the ratio of PDPK1/β-actin (n = 3). E Immunoblot of cell lysates. Quantification of the ratio of LC3II/LC3I and p62/β-actin (n = 3). F CLSM images of LC3 in AML-12 cells transfected with EGFP-LC3 plasmid (n = 3). Scale bar, 5 μM. G Nile red staining of lipids in AML-12 cells (n = 3). Scale bar, 50 μM, magnification, 400×. Data represent the mean ± SEM of three to six biological replicates per condition. Each dot represents a sample. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. NS indicates no significance (A–D, two-tailed t-tests; E, one-way ANOVA).