Fig. 6: The combination of pirfenidone and sorafenib suppresses metastatic angiogenesis and prolongs survival.

A Schematic of the animal experiments conducted using C57BL/6J mice. B Left: Plasma CEMIP levels of mice exhibiting lung metastasis and control mice. Right: Plasma CEMIP levels of pirfenidone-naive and pirfenidone-treated mice. C CD34 expression in paraffin sections of metastasized foci. Scale bar = 20 μm. D Immunostaining of COL-I (red), α-SMA (green), and CEMIP (pink) on lung tissues adjacent to the metastasized foci. Scale bar = 50 μm. E The expression of stiffness-associated markers expressed in lung sections obtained from 4-week-old mice in different treatment groups was determined by qRT-PCR analysis. F, G Comparison of metastatic colony number and area in the lungs of mice at week 4. Scale bar = 500 μm. H Kaplan–Meier curves of cumulative overall survival in mice receiving different therapies.