Fig. 6: Rapamycin further upregulated PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in AOPP-stimulated mice.

A, B Western blot analysis showed that AOPP accumulation upregulated the expression of PINK1, Parkin, LC3A/B-II and Atg12-Atg5 in tibial bone tissues, which was further upregulated by additional rapamycin treatment. C, D Immunofluorescent staining results showed that both AOPPs and rapamycin could increase the expression of PINK1 and Parkin in osteoblasts, while the highest expression level was observed in the AOPPs+Rapamycin group (scale bar = 50 μm). E Representative TEM images showing mitophagy (marked as MP) in the AOPPs, AOPPs+Rapamycin, and Rapamycin groups (scale bar = 500 nm). Data are presented as the mean ± SD, *P < 0.05 versus control, #P < 0.05 versus AOPPs, n = 8.