Fig. 3: Transcriptomics analysis reveals that 8-CPT-cAMP and MS275 synergically induce GBM cells differentiation.

A Volcano plot showing the changes in gene expression of U87MG cells treated with V or CM for 2 days. The gene symbols with orange/blue represent typical genes related to neuron-differentiation/oncogenesis. B Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) comparing V- and CM-treated U87MG cells. C The heatmap of specific neuron biomarkers in V- and CM-treated U87MG cells. D, E GSEA analysis of cell cycle/undifferentiation gene sets (D) and neuron marker/neurotransmitter gene sets (E). P < 0.05 and FDR < 0.05 were considered as significant. F Single sample GSEA (ssGSEA) analysis of V-, C-, M-, and CM-treated U87MG cells. Kruskal–Wallis test was used to determine the significance of differences between groups. G Heatmap of gene sets of undifferentiation-related genes and neuron differentiation-related genes. V, Vehicle (1‰ DMSO); C, 0.5 mM 8-CPT-cAMP; M, 1 μM MS275.