Fig. 1: Programmed cell death pathways include apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis that occur when cells are subjected to various physiological or pathological stressors. | Cell Death & Disease

Fig. 1: Programmed cell death pathways include apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necrosis that occur when cells are subjected to various physiological or pathological stressors.

From: Pyroptosis and degenerative diseases of the elderly

Fig. 1

Apoptotic bodies are generally engulfed by macrophages. However, necrosis and pyroptosis compromise cell membrane integrity, causing cytolysis and release of cellular contents. These pro-inflammatory molecules may act as autoantigens; consequent inflammation will injure adjacent normal cells.

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