Fig. 4: Reduction of itaconate resulted in aggravated liver injury in IRG1 KO mice. | Cell Death & Disease

Fig. 4: Reduction of itaconate resulted in aggravated liver injury in IRG1 KO mice.

From: Negative regulation of pro-apoptotic AMPK/JNK pathway by itaconate in mice with fulminant liver injury

Fig. 4

A Mice with LPS/D-Gal-induced fulminant liver injury were sacrificed at the indicated time points. The levels of itaconate were determined (n = 8). B WT and IRG1 KO mice with fulminant liver injury were sacrificed 6 h post LPS/D-Gal exposure. The levels of itaconate (n = 8) were determined. C–G WT or IRG1 KO mice with fulminant liver injury were supplemented with 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI) and sacrificed 6 h post LPS/D-Gal exposure. C The hepatic levels of phosphorylated AMPK (pAMPK), total AMPK (AMPK), phosphorylated JNK (pJNK), total JNK (JNK) and cleaved caspase-3 were determined (n = 4). D The hepatic activities of caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3 were determined (n = 8). E The apoptotic hepatocytes were evaluated by TUNEL staining (scale bar: 50 μm), and the TUNEL-positive cells were counted. F The liver sections were stained with hematoxylin & eosin for histological examination (scale bar: 100 μm). G The serum level of ALT and AST were determined (n = 8). All data were expressed as mean ± SD.

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