Fig. 10: Activation of GPER1 decreases profibrotic factors by inhibiting M2 macrophage polarization.
From: Activation of GPER1 in macrophages ameliorates UUO-induced renal fibrosis
A Relative mRNA expression of Mrc1, Tgfb1, Retnla, and Il10 in macrophages in response to IL-4 with or without G-1 treatment (n = 3). B Gene Ontology analysis of upregulated pathways in macrophages stimulated with IL-4 with or without G-1 treatment. C Representative western blots of the protein levels of phosphorylation of AKT, MAPK/JNK, MAPK/ERK, and MAPK/P38 pathways in macrophages in response to IL-4 treated with or without G-1. D Schematic representation of co-culture experiment with BMDMs in the lower chamber and primary renal fibroblasts in the upper chamber. E Relative mRNA expression of Tgfb1, Fn, Col1a1, Col3a1, and Vim in primary renal fibroblast co-cultured with M2 macrophages pretreated with or without G-1 (n = 3). Data are shown as means ± SEM. Two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test. *P < 0.05,**P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.
