Table 1 CAR T cell therapy in urinary system tumors.
Tumors | Target antigens | Generic/specific antigens | Co-stimulatory molecules | Generations of CAR T | Characteristics of CAR T | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RCC | CAIX | Generic | CD28 | 4th-generation | Secrete anti-PD-L1 antibodies at the tumor site to block T cell exhaustion. | [50] |
CD70 | Generic | CD27 | 2nd-generation | Potent anti-tumor activity against RCC cell lines and patient-derived xenograft mouse models. | [51] | |
c-Met | Generic | CD28, 4-1BB | 3rd-generation | Induce marked infiltration of the CAR T cells into the tumor tissue and synergistically augment with axitinib. | [52] | |
CAIX | Generic | 4-1BB | 2nd-generation | Synergistically augment with sunitinib. | [53] | |
BCa | PD-1 | Generic | CD28 | 2nd-generation | May be able to target multiple types of solid tumors. | [60] |
MUC1 | Generic | CD28 | 2nd-generation | It has been confirmed by preclinical studies in vitro. | [61] | |
EGFR | Generic | CD28 | 2nd-generation | Combined with decitabine can enhance tumor specific killing. | [62] | |
PCa | PSMA | Specific | 4-1BB | 2nd-generation | Co-expression of dnTGF-βRII enhances the anti-tumor effect of PSMA-targeting CAR T cells. | [67] |
PSMA | Specific | CD28 | 2nd-generation | Significant synergistic enhancement with low doses of docetaxel. | [69] | |
PSMA | Specific | 4-1BB | 4th-generation | IL-23mAb combined with PSMA CARs was more effective in eradicating PCa. | [70] | |
PSCA | Generic | 4-1BB | 2nd-generation | 4-1BB-containing CARs show superior T cells persistence and control of disease compared with CD28-containing CARs. | [71] | |
STEAP1 | Specific | 4-1BB | 2nd-generation | Enhance anti-tumor efficacy by combining CBD-IL12 fusion protein. | [74] | |
B7-H3 | Generic | CD28 | 2nd-generation | Produce favorable anti-tumor effects on PCSCs treated by fractionated irradiation. | [75] |
