Fig. 7: S100a8/a9hi neutrophils may increase circulating endothelial cells, and show a positive correlation with poor prognosis of sepsis patients.

A The concentration of S100a8/a9 in plasma from healthy people and sepsis patients was detected by ELISA analysis (n = 20 in each group); B The correlation curve between Neutrophil and S100a8/a9 (n = 40); C The correlation curve between S100a8/a9 and PaO2/FiO2 (n = 39); D The proportions of 22 types of immune cells in plasma were evaluated by cibersort analysis; E Heatmap showed the correlation between immune cells and S100A8/A9 with Spearman’s correlation analysis; F, H The expression levels of S100A8 and S100A9 were evaluated between control and sepsis groups on the box plot; G, I The expression levels of S100A8 and S100A9 were evaluated in survived and died groups on the box plot; J Six immune cells-related genes, which based on scRNA-seq data, were evaluated by GSEA enrichment in control and sepsis groups (Theoretically, macrophages do not exist in the circulation. Owing to the similarity in genes between macrophage and monocyte, the results of enrichment analysis indicated the existence of macrophages in the plasma); K Five immune cells-related genes, which based on scRNA-seq data, were evaluated by GSEA enrichment in survived and died groups; L S100A8/A9hi neutrophil-related genes were evaluated by GSEA enrichment in survived and died groups; M Endothelial cell-related genes were evaluated by GSEA enrichment in survived and died groups; N The correlation curve between S100A8/A9hi neutrophil score and endothelial cell score; O. To identify the risk factors for high SOFA score, a multivariate logistic regression was performed; P The survival curve was used to compare 28-day mortality in S100A8high and S100A8low groups; Q, R To identify the risk factors for 28-day mortality, univariate cox regression and multivariate cox regression were performed. Wilcoxon rank sum test and unpaired t-test were used for the comparison between two groups. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 versus control group.