Table 2 ROS inducers for cancer treatment.

From: Oxidative cell death in cancer: mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities

Compound	Target	Types of cell death	Cancer types	Stage of development	Ref
Sorafenib	SLC7A11	Ferroptosis	Liver cancer	Approved anti-cancer drug	[206]
Sulfasalazine	SLC7A11	Ferroptosis	Pancreatic cancer, lung cancer	Approved antibiotics	[255]
Erastin	SLC7A11	Ferroptosis	Fibrosarcoma, lung cancer	Preclinical	[77]
IFNG	SLC7A11	Ferroptosis	Fibrosarcoma, ovarian cancer	Approved immunomodulatory drug	[256]
FIN56	GPX4	Ferroptosis	Bladder cancer	Preclinical	[257]
ML162	GPX4	Ferroptosis	Fibrosarcoma	Preclinical	[258]
ML210	GPX4	Ferroptosis	Fibrosarcoma	Preclinical	[258]
RSL3	GPX4	Ferroptosis	Lung cancer, colorectal cancer	Preclinical	[259]
N6F11	GPX4	Ferroptosis	Pancreatic cancer	Preclinical	[223]
PdPT	GPX4	Apoptosis and ferroptosis	Lung cancer	Preclinical	[260]
Plumbagin	GPX4	Apoptosis	Liver cancer	Preclinical	[221]
Buthionine sulfoximine (BSO)	GCLC	Apoptosis and ferroptosis	Ovarian cancer, breast cancer, melanoma	Phase I (NCT00002730)	[78]
PX-12	TXN	Apoptosis	Lung cancer, liver cancer	Phase II (NCT00417287)	[226, 261]
PMX464	TXN	Apoptosis	Colorectal cancer	Preclinical	[262]
Ferroptocide	TXN	Ferroptosis	Lung cancer, colorectal cancer	Preclinical	[231]
Auranofin	TXNRD	Apoptosis and paraptosis	Lung cancer, breast cancer	Approved anti-rheumatoid arthritis drug	[233, 234]
Piperlongumine	TXNRD	Apoptosis	Liver cancer	Preclinical	[263]
WZ26	TXNRD	Apoptosis	Colon cancer	Preclinical	[264]
Diffractaic acid	TXNRD	Apoptosis	Breast cancer	Preclinical	[265]
Thimerosal	TXNRD	Apoptosis	Lung cancer	Preclinical	[266]
Shikonin	TXNRD	Apoptosis and necroptosis	Glioma, breast cancer	Preclinical	[267, 268]
B63	TXNRD	Paraptosis	Gastric cancer	Preclinical	[269]
Jolkinolide B	TXNRD	Paraptosis	Bladder cancer	Preclinical	[270]
Nitrovin	TXNRD	Paraptosis	Colon cancer, bladder cancer	Preclinical	[152]
2-Methoxyestradiol	SOD1	Apoptosis	Prostate cancer, leukemia	Phase II (NCT00592579)	[271]
ATN-224	SOD1	Apoptosis	Epidermoid carcinoma	Phase II (NCT00405574)	[272]
Arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃)	ROS	Apoptosis	Leukemia, myeloma	Approved anti-cancer drug	[273]
Bortezomib	ROS	Apoptosis	Multiple myeloma, lung cancer	Approved anti-cancer drug	[274]
Cisplatin	ROS	Apoptosis and ferroptosis	Esophageal adenocarcinoma	Approved anti-cancer drug	[194]
Disulfiram	ROS	Apoptosis	Breast cancer	Approved anti-alcoholism drug	[275]
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)	ROS	Apoptosis	Melanoma, colorectal cancer	Approved anti-cancer drug	[276]
Lanperisone	ROS	Non-apoptosis	Lung cancer	Approved muscle relaxant	[277]
Imexon	ROS	Apoptosis	Pancreatic cancer	Phase II (NCT00637247)	[278]
Nelfinavir	ROS	Apoptosis	Cervical cancer	Approved anti-HIV drug	[279]
Withaferin A	ROS	Paraptosis	Breast cancer	Phase II (NCT05610735)	[280]
Neobavaisoflavone	ROS	Pyroptosis	Liver cancer	Preclinical	[281]
Oxaliplatin	ROS	Parthanatos	Oral squamous	Approved anti-cancer drug	[158]
Sanguinarine	ROS	Oxeiptosis	Colorectal cancer	Preclinical	[282]
Auriculasin	ROS	Apoptosis, ferroptosis, and oxeiptosis	Colorectal cancer	Preclinical	[283]

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Table 2 ROS inducers for cancer treatment.

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