Fig. 1: Plasma UPR^mt-mitophagy mediated MSR profiles in AD subjects.

a Schematic of plasma MSR indicators examination for every individual enrolled in the study. The recruitment eligibility assessment led to the inclusion of 43 AD and 46 HC subjects. b The distribution of MSR blood biomarker levels across AD and HC individuals is illustrated by the mountain map. c, d Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to assess the ability of plasma UPR^mt and mitophagy proteins to distinguish between AD and HC, and the area under the curve (AUC) value is presented. e A multivariate correlation scatter matrix graph was used to examine the relationships among the MSR blood biomarkers in both Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and healthy control (HC) participants. f–k Schematic illustration presents the estimated proportion of the association between plasma UPR^mt levels and AD risk that is mediated by mitophagy blood biomarkers. Data are shown as mean ± s.e.m. The p-values are indicated on the graphs. ns not significant.