Fig. 1: G protein subunit gamma 5 (GNG5) is localized in early endosomes and is upregulated in the brain tissues of donors with pathological Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
From: GNG5 is a novel regulator of Aβ42 production in Alzheimer’s disease
A Schematic diagram of hippocampal–entorhinal subregions for proteomic and transcriptomic analysis. B UpSet plot illustrating intersections of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) among hippocampal subregions (CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4) and entorhinal cortex (EC). The upper bars show the number of identified proteins between the sample groups marked below. C Venn diagram of the 554 DEPs and 4446 endosomal proteins enriched with FLAG-EEA1 (Endo-IP_ref). Endo-IP_ref data can be found in Supplementary Table 1 of Professor J. Wade Harper’s research. research doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-33881-x [10]. D Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment analysis for 262 DEPs, performed using the Wu Kong platform (https://www.omicsolution.com/wkomics/main/). CC: cellular component, BP: biological process, MF: molecular function. E The distribution of DEPs enriched in these GO terms in CA4 subregion and in the Endo-IP_ref data. F Counts per million (CPM) of GNG5 in transcriptomic analysis of CA1, CA2, CA3, CA4, and EC subregions from donors with neuropathological assessment N, L, I, or H. N, n = 13–15; L, n = 5–6; I, n = 17; H, n = 14. G Representative MS/MS spectra of the identified peptide of GNG5. Intensities of the tandem mass tag (TMT) precursor ions represent the relative level of peptide in CA1 subregion. H Representative immunohistochemical images and of GNG5 labeled with anti-GNG5 antibody (Abcam, ab238835) in the hippocampal–entorhinal five subregions. Mean optical density (MOD) was determined. Scale bar, 30 µm. NC (n = 13, 84.8 ± 9.1 yr), AD (n = 13, 89.8 ± 5.4 yr). I Dot blot and densitometry analyses of GNG5 levels (Bioworld Technology, BS61200) in CA1 and EC from NC and pathological AD donors. β-actin was used as the reference control. For CA1, NC (n = 29, 85.9 ± 8.4 yr), AD (n = 26, 84.2 ± 6.4 yr). For EC, NC (n = 45, 88.6 ± 7.8 yr), AD (n = 41, 87.4 ± 6.8 yr). Data are presented as mean value ± SD. Two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-test was used for two groups and one-way ANOVA with Turkey post hoc test for multiple groups. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
