Fig. 4: Role of MUL1 in NE-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. | Cell Death & Disease

Fig. 4: Role of MUL1 in NE-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.

From: 17-beta estradiol prevents cardiac myocyte hypertrophy by regulating mitochondrial E3 ubiquitin ligase 1

Fig. 4

Cardiomyocytes were treated with a MUL1 siRNA (siMUL1) or a scrambled siRNA (siCTRL) for 24 h and then treated with NE (20 μM) for 48 h. A Protein extracts were obtained, and MUL1 (N = 4) and ANP (N = 6) protein levels were determined by western blotting. β-tubulin was used as a loading control. B MUL1 (N = 5) and ANP (N = 5) mRNA levels were determined by RT-qPCR. 18S RNA was used to normalize the data. C Intracellular ATP levels were assessed by a luciferin-luciferase assay (N = 4). Oligomycin (Oligo, 200 nM) was used as a control. D NRVMs were stained with rhodamine-phalloidin (red) and nuclei with DAPI (blue). Confocal images were obtained, and cell area was determined (N = 4). Scale bar = 20 μm. E NRVMs were stained with MTG (400 nM). Images were obtained by confocal microscopy and analyzed to determine the number of mitochondria per cell and the relative mitochondrial volume (N = 6). Scale bar = 20 μm. The values correspond to the mean ± SEM. Each independent experiment is displayed as a dot in the graphs. Results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by multiple Tukey’s comparisons. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.

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