Fig. 6: Cytokine-delivering OVs modulate the immunosuppressive TME.
From: CAR-T therapy dilemma and innovative design strategies for next generation

A OAd-TNF-α-IL2 delivers the pro-T-cell cytokines IL-2 and TNF-α to the immunosuppressive TME. B VV.CXCL11 augments antitumor efficacy of CAR-T cells via supplementation with CXCL11. C Ad5Δ24.RANTES.IL-15 OVs are equipped with both RANTES and IL-15. D CAd12-PDL1 blocks PD-L1 with its blocking antibody and prevents the loss of CAR-T cells with IL-12p70.