Fig. 8: A proposed schematic diagram for Rho GEFs inhibitor GL-V9 in alleviation of pulmonary fibrosis through the dual modulations of myofibroblast activation and profibrotic macrophage polarization.

By binding to the DH/PH domain of Rho GEFs, GL-V9 suppresses Rho GTPase-dependent myofibroblast activation by interfering with cytoskeletal reorganization and inactivating MRTF and YAP, and inhibits M2 polarization of profibrotic macrophage by inactivating STAT3.