Fig. 2: Association of IL-1R2 to Mono/Mφ functional signatures in monocytic cells in sepsis.

a, b Diagrams showing the expression in monocytes or macrophages of urosepsis monocytic cells (MS1) signatures. DEGs of MS1 Monocytes versus All Monocytes (a) or versus MS2 Monocytes (b) are shown. c CD63 protein expression in monocytes. MS4A4A protein expression in monocytes (d) and in CD14⁺CD16⁻, CD14⁺CD16⁺, and CD14⁻CD16⁺ monocyte subsets in the entire cohort (e). Flow cytometry analysis of IL-1R2 (f), CD63 (g), and MS4A4A (h) expression in unstimulated monocytes, GM-CSF- and M-CSF-induced Mono/Mφ. i Representative polychromatic plot showing HLA-DR, CD14, and CD16 expression in GM-CSF- and M-CSF-induced monocytic cells. j Frequency of HLA-DR⁺ CD14⁺ subset in M-CSF-induced Mono/Mφ after stimulation with LPS. k Frequency of HLA-DR⁺, CD14⁺CD16⁻ and CD14⁺CD16⁺ subsets in GM-CSF-generated Mono/Mφ after stimulation with LPS. Expression of IL-1R2 in polarized M-CSF- (l) and GM-CSF-induced (m) Mono/Mφ normalized on the respective unstimulated monocytes. c–m Bars represent mean ± SEM. One-way ANOVA with Tukey multiple comparison test (c); Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s multiple comparison (d, e); Two-tailed Student’s t-test (F–H, J–M); ^*p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, ^***p < 0.001, ^****p < 0.0001. c n = 3–5 per group. d, e Healthy donors: n = 19; Non-sepsis patients: n = 23; Sepsis patients: n = 69; Septic Shock patients: n = 25. f–h One representative experiment out of two with similar results is shown. n = 3 healthy donors, with technical duplicates of Mono/Mφ. m n = 6, pooled data from two experiments are shown.