Fig. 5: LTX-315 plus an anti-CTLA-4 antibody reprogrammed a strong anti-tumor immune microenvironment in residual tumors after iRFA of HCC. | Cell Death & Disease

Fig. 5: LTX-315 plus an anti-CTLA-4 antibody reprogrammed a strong anti-tumor immune microenvironment in residual tumors after iRFA of HCC.

From: Oncolytic peptide LTX-315 plus an anti-CTLA-4 antibody induces a synergistic anti-cancer immune response in residual tumors after radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma

Fig. 5: LTX-315 plus an anti-CTLA-4 antibody reprogrammed a strong anti-tumor immune microenvironment in residual tumors after iRFA of HCC.The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

A Representative dot plots of tumors subjected to the triple combination treatment (iRFA + LTX-315 + anti-CTLA-4 antibody). Schematic illustration of gating: Immune cells in residual tumors, such as CD4+ T, CD8+ T, Tregs, TAMs, and MDSCs, were stained with the corresponding antibodies for flow cytometric analysis. B–K The percentages of CD8+ T cells, IFN-γ+CD8+ T cells, TNF-α+CD8+ T cells, Foxp3+CD4+ T cells, the ratio of IFN-γ+CD8+ T cells plus TNF-α+CD8+ T cells to Tregs, NK cells, MDSCs, and the ratio of M1-TAM to M2-TAM were assessed in tumors at 14 days after treatments. ELISA was applied to evaluate the levels of TNF-α (L), IFN-γ (M), IL-10 (N), and TGF-β (O) in the blood, spleen, and residual tumors. n = 6 in each group. Error bars represent standard deviation. ***p < 0.001. CTLA-4 cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4, iRFA incomplete radiofrequency ablation, HCC hepatocellular carcinoma, Tregs regulatory T cells, TAMs tumor-associated macrophages, MDSCs myeloid-derived suppressor cells, ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

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