Fig. 1: In vivo administration of MNU induces retinal degeneration and inflammation.

a Experimental design: C57BL/6 J adult mice (n = 8–9) were injected intraperitoneally with 60 mg/kg of MNU or vehicle and sacrificed 24 h later. Retinal phenotyping included assessments of ONL thickness, cell death, lipid peroxidation, and inflammation. b Representative images from central retina cryosections stained with DAPI (blue). c Quantification of ONL thickness in the central and peripheral retina. d Representative images and quantification of cell death in the ONL stained with (e) TUNEL (green) and (f) 4-HNE (yellow) to determine lipid peroxidation. White arrowheads indicate 4-HNE aggregates. g GFAP immunostaining (magenta) and quantification of (h) glial projections and (i) GFAP⁺ volume. j Microglia staining with Iba1 (red) and (k) quantification of microglia cells in the ONL and (l) OPL are shown. Dots represent individual retinas from different mice. All data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. Two-tailed Student´s t-test or two-way ANOVA followed by post hoc LSD test for treatment and zone. Scale bars: 25 µm.