Fig. 3: Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by DSF depends on exacerbated oxidative stress.

A Flow cytometry staining was used to analyze mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mt-ROS) levels. B Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to assess the mt-ROS level. C CCK-8 assay of cell viability of -resistant cells treated with Vem or DSF+Vem with or without Mito-TEMPO pretreatment. D Colony forming assay was used to describe the growth of cells pretreated with or without Mito-TEMPO, followed by Vem or DSF+Vem exposure. E TEM analyzed the mitochondrial morphology changes in vemurafenib-resistant cells pretreated with or without Mito-TEMPO, followed by Vem or DSF+Vem exposure. F Immunofluorescence staining of MMP levels. G Seahorse assay was used to assess the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. H ATP levels of vemurafenib-resistant cells pretreated with or without Mito-TEMPO, followed by Vem or DSF+Vem exposure. Data represent the mean ± SD of triplicate. The differences were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001. ns non-significant.