Fig. 2: The classical and nonclassical pathways of pyroptosis.
From: Is pyroptosis a brake or an accelerator in the fate of the tumor?
The pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) recognize DAMPs or PAMPs in the body, which activate inflammasomes and trigger the classic pathway of pyroptosis mediated by GSDMD. Intracellular LPS from gram-negative bacteria activates caspase-11, causing pyroptotic cell death. Caspase-4, -5 also directly recognize bacterial LPS to activate pyroptosis. In addition, activated caspase-11 can induce the cleavage of Panexin-1, leading to ATP and P2X7-mediated cell pyroptosis. DAMP danger-associated molecular patterns, PAMP pathogen-associated molecular patterns, GSDMD gasdermin D, LPS lipopolysaccharide; IL-1β interleukin-1β, IL-18 interleukin-18, HMGB1 high mobility group box 1 (created with BioRender.com) https://BioRender.com/9ag7zw9.
