Table 1 Potential therapeutic agents for senescent macrophages and their mechanisms.
From: Senescent macrophages in tumor: phenotypes, roles, and interventions
Category | Drugs | Mechanism | Clinical Trials | Citations |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Senolytics | Navitoclax | Increases the phagocytic ability of macrophages by upregulating the Trem-2 receptor and blocking the interaction between BCL-2 and beclin-1, thereby inducing beclin-1-dependent autophagy. | [150] | |
Senolytics | Dasastinib and quercetin (D + Q) | Inhibits multiple tyrosine kinases (such as Src, ABL, c-Kit, etc.) and induces apoptosis. | NCT04946383 NCT05422885 | [109] |
Senolytics | Fisetin | Inhibits ox-LDL-induced senescence in RAW264.7 macrophages through the CKIP-1/REGγ pathway. Inhibiting Bcl-2 family proteins promotes apoptosis of senescent cells. | NCT03675724 NCT06399809 NCT06133634 NCT03430037 | [153] |
Senolytics | Niacin (Vitamin B3) | Upregulates the expression of CD36 in macrophages, enhancing the phagocytic activity of microglia for myelin. | NCT06592859 NCT02921659 NCT06208527 | [155] |
Senolytics | Ganciclovir | Eliminates senescent cells, including senescent macrophages. | [156] | |
Senolytics | Cysteamine | Inhibits the lysosomal oxidation of LDL in human macrophages, reducing macrophage senescence. | ||
Senolytics | FOXO4-DRI | FOXO4-DRI can bind to FOXO4, prevent its interaction with p53, release p53, and promote apoptosis. | [161] | |
Senomorphics | Rapamycin | Suppresses pro-inflammatory SASP production at the translational level by downregulating NF-κB activity. | NCT06550271 NCT04742777 NCT02874924 NCT04994561 | [164] |
Senomorphics | Aspirin | Blocks NF-κB to reduce inflammatory cytokines. | [18] | |
Senomorphics | Metformin | Activates AMPK to suppress mTOR and lower SASP secretion. | NCT02432287 NCT02308228 NCT03309007 | [165] |
