Fig. 4: Increased pHi reduces β-catenin abundance and nuclear localization in stiff matrix conditions.

a Representative images of H1299 cells plated on soft (0.5% PEGDA), stiff (4% PEGDA), and stiff with raised pHi (4% PEGDA) HA gels fixed and stained for β-catenin. β-catenin staining is pseudocolored according to scale. Scale bars: 50 μm. b Quantification of whole cell β-catenin intensity collected as shown in (a). (N = 3 biological replicates; n = 452, soft; n = 486, stiff; n = 415, stiff high pHi. Red lines show medians ± IQR). c Quantification of nuclear β-catenin intensity collected as described in (a) (N = 3 biological replicates; n = 1043, soft; n = 975, stiff; n = 1157, stiff high. Red lines show medians ± IQR). For (b) and (c), significance was determined by a Kruskal-Wallis test (*P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001).