Fig. 3: KRAS-induced inflammation in cancer. | Cell Death & Disease

Fig. 3: KRAS-induced inflammation in cancer.

From: Oncogenic KRAS mutations drive immune suppression through immune-related regulatory network and metabolic reprogramming

Fig. 3: KRAS-induced inflammation in cancer.

KRAS mutations are involved in the activation of ERK/MAPK and NF-κB pathways and promote the transcription of various cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and CCL5. The oncogenic KRAS mutation involved in the inflammatory response contributes significantly to the tumor progression network and remodels the immune microenvironment.

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