Fig. 5: Procoagulant effects of the endothelial SASP.

Senescent endothelial cells adopt a procoagulant and proinflammatory phenotype, leading to platelet dysregulation, immunothrombosis, and heterogeneous fibrinaloid microclot formation. The inability of dysfunctional immune cells to efficiently clear accumulating cellular debris and fibrin in circulation provides ample scaffold upon which coagulation can occur leading to microclot formation and persistence. This persistence is further exacerbated by elevations in PAI-1, which hinders fibrinolysis. (Created with the paid version of Biorender.com).