Table 1 Overview of human DC subsets and functional states.
Subset/State | Transcriptional factor | Mouse markers | Human markers | Presence in vivo | Cancer type | Function |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
cDC1 | FLT3L, BATF3, IRF8, ID2, NFIL3, ZBTB46 | XCR1, CD24, CD8α, CD103, DEC205, CLEC9A | TLR3, CADM1, XCR1, CLEC9A, CD141 | Thymus, spleen and lymph nodes | RCC, PCNSL, HCC, CTCL, MEL, BLCA | Cross presentation of antigens to activate CD8+ T cells |
cDC2 | FLT3L, RBPJ, IRF4, Notch2, KLF4, ZBTB46 | CD11b, CD4, CD172a, CD301b | CD1c, CD11b, CD172a, CD1a, CD14, CD5 | Thymus, spleen and lymph nodes | TGCT, MB, VS, GCTB, UVM, OS | Presenting exogenous antigens to activate CD4+ T cells |
DC3 | GM-CSF | CD45RB, CD11c, CD172a, CD16, CD32, CLEC12A | FLT3, HLA-DR, FCER1A, CD1c, CD163, CD14 | Lymphoid tissues and blood | MEL, NSCLC, CRC | Induction of the CD103+ tissue-resident phenotype in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells |
pDC | FLT3L, E2-2, IRF7, RUNX1 | CD45R, CD317, SIGLECH, CD172a, CCR9, CXCR3, Ly6C, Ly6D | CD4, CD45RA, CD2, CD123, CD303, CD304, TLR7, TLR9 | Bone marrow, lymphoid tissues, blood and tonsil | HNSC, CRC, CESC, ESCA, OV-FTC, MEL | IFN-â… production and low antigen presentation ability |
tDC | FLT3L, TCF4 | ESAM, CD135, CX3CR1 | AXL, SIGLEC1, SLGLEC6, CD 22, HLA-DR, CD123, CD303, CD2, CX3CR1, CD 33, CD 5, CD 169 | Blood | GEJ, MEL, ESCA, GIST, HNSC, BRCA | Ingestion of antigens, activation of antigen-specific naïve T cells, stimulation of T cell proliferation |
mo-DC | CSF-1, GM-CSF, IL-4, IRF4, MAFB, PU.1 | CD11b, CCR2, Ly6C, CD64, CD206, CD209, CD14 | CD1c, CD11b, CD14, CD1a, CCR2, CD206, CD209 | Skin, lung and intestine | NSCLC, CRC, MEL | Ingestion and cross presentation of antigens, limited migration ability and T cell stimulation ability |
LC | PU.1, IRF4, BATF3, RUNX3, ID2 | CD11c, MHC-II, CD207, CD11b, CD24, EpCAM | CD11c, HLA-DR, CD207, CD11b, CD24, CD1c, CD1a, EpCAM, CD83, CCR7 | Skin | CSCC, MEL, HNSC | Maintain skin immune homeostasis |
mregDC | IRF8, BATF3, FLT3L, ID2, NFIL3, RBPJ, IRF4, Notch2, KLF4 | CCR7, FSC1, CCR7, CD274, PDCD1LG2 | LAMP3, CCR7, CD274, FSCN1 | Lymph nodes, skin, lung and intestine | CRC, ESCA, CSCC, STAD, BLCA, GEJ | Antigen presentation and immunoregulation |
ISG+ DC | BATF3, FLT3L, ID2, NFIL3, RBPJ, IRF4, Notch2, KLF4 | MHC-II, CD11c, CD11b, AXL | ISG15, IFI6, IFIT1 | Blood, spleen and lymph nodes | MEL, Fibrosarcoma | Activation of CD8+ T cells and enhancement of their cytotoxicity |
CD207+ DC | FLT3L, RBPJ, IRF4, Notch2, KLF4, ZBTB46 | CD207, CD11c CD103 | CD1c, CD207, CD1a | Skin | Meningioma, CSCC, HNSC | Associated with a favorable prognosis of tumors |
