Fig. 5: Oxidized lipids induced by ML210 and PDT.

Volcano plots demonstrating differentially expressed lipid hydroxides and hydroperoxides in OVCAR-3 cells treated with (A) ML210 and (B) PDT at 1 J/cm2. Heatmaps depicting z scores of differentially expressed oxidized lipids in (C) ML210- and (D) PDT-treated OVCAR-3 cells. E, F, G, H Plots showing log2 fold changes of the four oxidized lipid species significantly upregulated by both ML210 and PDT. Volcano plots demonstrating differentially expressed lipid hydroxides and hydroperoxides in Caov-3 cells treated with (I) ML210 and (J) PDT at 1 J/cm2. Statistics: A, B, I, J Each data point represents the mean of four biological replicates. Differentially expressed lipids are defined as those with absolute log2 fold change > 1 and p-value < 0.05 (two-tailed unpaired t-test). C, D Differentially expressed species are defined as those with absolute log2 fold change > 1 and p-value < 0.05 (two-tailed unpaired t-test). E–H Each dot represents the mean of a biological replicate, each conducted in duplicate; error bars represent the range. Statistical significance was determined using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett correction for multiple comparisons. *p ≤ 0.05, **p ≤ 0.01, ***p ≤ 0.001. Heatmaps and volcanos were created in R (version 4.4.1 2024-06-14), spread plots were created with Graphmatik (version 0.3.2, 2025).