Fig. 1: Pan-cancer adipokine expression analysis using large public databases reveals specific expression of adipokine receptors in breast cancer.

A Overview of the study concept and design. B Global adipokine signaling-related gene expression differences in whole tumor tissues versus normal tissues in the TCGA database (n = 8433) in cBioPortal. From left to right: ADIPOR1 mRNA expression, DNA amplification, and DNA deletion in acute myeloid leukemia, adrenocortical carcinoma, bladder urothelial carcinoma, brain lower grade glioma, breast invasive carcinoma, cervical squamous cell carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, esophageal adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma multiforme, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, kidney chromophobe carcinoma, kidney renal clear cell carcinoma, kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma, liver hepatocellular carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, mesothelioma, ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma, prostate adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, skin cutaneous melanoma, stomach adenocarcinoma, testicular germ cell tumors, thymoma, thyroid carcinoma, uterine carcinosarcoma, uterine corpus endometrial carcinoma, and uveal melanoma were identified. The top 21 differentially expressed, amplified, and/or deleted genes among 37 adipokine signaling-related genes are shown. C Adipokine signaling-related gene expression differences in breast cancer tissues versus normal tissues in the TCGA database (n = 994) in cBioPortal. The top 10 differentially expressed adipokine signal-related genes in breast cancer tissue versus normal breast tissue are shown. The lower panel shows ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 expression rates and mutation by histopathological and genetic subtypes. D Adipokine signal-related gene expression differences in breast cancer tissues versus diploid samples in the METABRIC database (n = 1604) in cBioPortal. The top 10 differentially expressed adipokine signal-related genes in breast cancer tissue versus normal breast tissue are shown. The lower panel shows the ADIPOR1 and ADIPOR2 expression rates and mutations by histopathological and genetic subtypes. E Immunohistochemical staining of AdipoR1 in breast cancer tissue using tissue microarrays (TMAs). Representative images of anti-AdipoR1-stained (brown) invasive fronts are shown. F Percentage of AdipoR1-positive cells per TMA core. G, H Average percentage of AdipoR1-positive cells in TMA cores of various breast cancer subtypes. ***P < 0.001; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison tests.