Fig. 4: Envelope protein can disturb epithelial stratification by affecting cell cycle.

A, B, E, G Representative histological and immunofluorescence analysis of the corresponding markers on the 3D human oral mucosa stratification model (also see Fig. 2D). C, D, F, H Quantification the signal of the indicated markers and positive cells (for TUNEL) in the corresponding conditions showed in (B, E, G). I Representative image for 3D human oral mucosa stratification model using HGEPp harboring Ki67-FUCCI system then infected with control or Envelope protein. J Quantification of the samples for conditions showed in (I). K Illustration of the cell cycle synchronization model. L Representative images for HGEPp (with Ki67-FUCCI) under synchronization and cell cycle re-entering model, at indication conditions. M Quantification of the cells showed in (L). Dotted lines indicate epithelial-mesenchymal junctions. n number of the image fields quantified. For statistical test results, center values represent mean and error bars represent s.d. ns no significance (p ≥ 0.05); *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001. Bars: A: 100 μm; B, E, G, I, L: 20 μm.