Fig. 1: Increased expression of B4GALT3 in retinoblastoma.
From: β1,4-galactosyltransferase III drives retinoblastoma invasion via activation of integrin-FAK axis
A Metabolic pathway activities across cell types in integrated retinoblastoma (RB) datasets (4 RB samples from GSE249995 and 7 from GSE168434). Pathways with non-significant activity (permutation test, P > 0.05) are shown as blank. B AB-PAS staining of a human RB paraffin section (International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification [IIRC] stage E). C, D. Dot plots showing normalized expression of genes involved in the glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis–keratan sulfate pathway in different cell types from extraocular (C) and intraocular (D) RB samples. E UMAP visualization of B4GALT1−4 expression in RB cells. F Comparison of B4GALT family gene expression across retina, intraocular RB, and extraocular RB based on scRNA-seq data. G, H qPCR (G) and western blot (H) analyses demonstrating significantly elevated B4GALT3 mRNA and protein levels in RB cell lines (WERI-Rb1 and Y79) compared to human retinal pigment epithelial cells (ARPE-19). I Immunofluorescence co-staining of B4GALT3 and Ki67 in proliferative tumor regions of IIRC stage E RB and orthotopic xenografts. Data are presented as mean ± SD from 3 independent experiments. Statistical significance in (G) was determined by one-way ANOVA. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.
