Fig. 4: Effect of TTFields on 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) uptake as shown.

a representative protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) fluorescence panel for TTFields-unexposed vs. TTFields-exposed U87-MG cells after 6 and 24 h of exposure. Scale bar on right used for both 6 h and 12 h post-exposure data. b Quantitation of images in a showed significant increase in PpIX signals in TTFields exposed cells compared to no TTFields, at both 6 h (p = 0.047) and 24 h (p = 0.01) time points. All monovariant statistical comparisons between no TTFields vs. TTFields samples done by Student’s t-test for n = 3 experiments per time point. c, d Effect of TTFields on U87-MG glioblastoma cells co-cultured with PCS-201 fibroblast cells. c Representative fluorescent panels of 5-ALA uptake (and subsequent PpIX fluorescence, Ex = 558 nm, Em = 583 nm) for no TTFields (top row) vs. TTFields (bottom row) conditions. Duration of exposures are 2, 6, and 24 h. d Quantification of time course of PpIX accumulation (and thus accumulation of fluorescent flux as expressed as photons/s) in the glioblastoma-fibroblast co-culture platform under TTFields exposed vs. unexposed conditions (p < 0.001). Statistical analyses consisted of two-way ANOVA for no TTFields vs. TTFields conditions, and n = 3 experiments per time point. Schematic of co-culture platform is shown in Supplemental Figure S4