Fig. 7: Schematic representation of the mechanism of action of curcumin on the Ana2014 cells and uninfected bovine PBMC.

Curcumin treatment increases ROS levels in the Ana2014 cells which lead to cytochrome c and caspase mediated apoptosis. Increased ROS levels induce autophagy through inhibition of mTOR in Ana2014 cells, whereas curcumin has no effect on uninfected bovine PBMC