Figure 5: Histological variables are compared between ‘constrained’ and ‘unconstrained’ disc explants, and also between ‘non-degenerated’ (control) and ‘herniated’ tissues.
From: Physical disruption of intervertebral disc promotes cell clustering and a degenerative phenotype

Variables are GAG loss (scored 0–3), matrix tears (0–3), and cell clustering (0–5). Error bars indicate the SEM. Comparisons suggest that the processes of disc swelling in vitro and herniation in vivo have similar effects on tissue histology. Summary of significance between the variables assessed is shown in Supplementary Table 1.