Fig. 3: Origins and roles of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles. | Cell Death Discovery

Fig. 3: Origins and roles of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles.

From: Extracellular vesicles in cardiovascular diseases

Fig. 3

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mimic the cardioprotective properties of various stem cells, including mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSCs). These EVs modulate cardiomyocytes and endotheliocytes by stimulating cell proliferation, decreasing cell apoptosis, inhibiting cell autophagy, promoting angiogenesis, reducing tissue fibrosis, preventing cardiovascular injury, treating myocardial infarction and improving cardiac survival.

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