Fig. 4: Antagonizing the actions of activin-A with a receptor blocker relieves its suppressive effects on steroidogenesis and JNK pathway in human luteal granulosa cells.

When the biological actions of activin-A was inhibited with a selective receptor blocker the suppressive effects of activin-A on the steroidogenic enzymes and JNK pathway were reversed and the expression of StAR, 3β-HSD, phospho-c-JunSer73, and phospho-JNKSerThr183/Tyr185 were increased along with E2 and P production of the cells (a, b). Aromatase expression did not change meaningfully after activin-A treatment with and without the receptor blocker (a).