Fig. 2: Biological functions of tsRNAs.
From: tRNA-derived small RNAs: novel regulators of cancer hallmarks and targets of clinical application
a The oligoguanine sequence at the 5′ terminus (TOG) of the 5′-tiRNA can be assembled into an RNA G-quadruplex (RG4) structure and then leading to translation repression by replacing eIF4F complex with mRNA. b tRF-3s and tRF-5s tend to associate with Ago 1, 3, and 4 and form tRF-induced RISCs. They target the coding region, 3′ UTRs and 5′ UTRs of mRNA. c tD-piR (Glu) can bind the PIWIL4 protein to form a complex and then recruit H3K9 methyltransferases to the CD1a (a specific and functional marker of DCs) promoter region. Highly expressed td-piR(Glu) inhibits CD1a transcription in monocytes.
