Fig. 5: The effect of ketamine on TNF-induced damage and ROS accumulation in L929 cells.

L929 cells were treated with nothing (Normal group), TNF-α + ZVAD, or TNF-α + ZVAD plus different doses of ketamine as indicated for 3 h. A The survival rates of cells were determined by PI exclusion using flow cytometry. B Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was used to determine the number of dead cells. C, D Representative ROS production was analyzed by quantitative analysis by flow cytometry. ns no significant difference.