Fig. 8: Autophagy induction protects CSCs from hyperglycemia-impaired stress resistance.

A Experimental timeline of hyperglycemia (50 mM) pretreatment for 72 hours, with parallel ad-ATG7/ad-LacZ transduction for autophagy modulation, followed by 32 hours of nutrient deprivation stress (0.1% FBS, 0 mM glucose). Representative flow cytometry density plots (B) and relative quantification (C) of early (Annexin-V+/7AAD-) and late (Annexin-V+/7AAD+) apoptotic CSCs, to evaluate hyperglycemia-impaired and autophagy-enhanced resistance to nutrient deprivation stress (n=4). Representative immunofluorescence panels are displayed with higher magnification insets (D), showing differential nuclear translocation of cleaved caspase 3 (Csp3) in the different conditions. *P<0.05. Scale bar = 20 µm.